1020. Tree Traversals (25)-PAT甲级真题（后序中序转层序）

Suppose that all the keys in a binary tree are distinct positive integers. Given the postorder and inorder traversal sequences, you are supposed to output the level order traversal sequence of the corresponding binary tree.

Input Specification:

Each input file contains one test case. For each case, the first line gives a positive integer N (<=30), the total number of nodes in the binary tree. The second line gives the postorder sequence and the third line gives the inorder sequence. All the numbers in a line are separated by a space.

Output Specification:

For each test case, print in one line the level order traversal sequence of the corresponding binary tree. All the numbers in a line must be separated by exactly one space, and there must be no extra space at the end of the line.

Sample Input:
7
2 3 1 5 7 6 4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Sample Output:
4 1 6 3 5 7 2

题目大意：给定一棵二叉树的后序遍历和中序遍历，请你输出其层序遍历的序列。这里假设键值都是互不相等的正整数。

分析：与后序中序转换为前序的代码相仿（无须构造二叉树再进行广度优先搜索～），只不过加一个变量index，表示当前的根结点在二叉树中所对应的下标（从0开始），所以进行一次输出先序的递归过程中，就可以把根结点下标index及所对应的值存储在map<int, int> level中，map是有序的会根据index从小到大自动排序，这样递归完成后level中的值就是层序遍历的顺序～～

如果你不知道如何将后序和中序转换为先序，请看：https://www.liuchuo.net/archives/2090

#include <cstdio>
#include <vector>
#include <map>
using namespace std;
vector<int> post, in;
map<int, int> level;
void pre(int root, int start, int end, int index) {
    if(start > end) return ;
    int i = start;
    while(i < end && in[i] != post[root]) i++;
    level[index] = post[root];
    pre(root - 1 - end + i, start, i - 1, 2 * index + 1);
    pre(root - 1, i + 1, end, 2 * index + 2);
}
int main() {
    int n;
    scanf("%d", &n);
    post.resize(n);
    in.resize(n);
    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) scanf("%d", &post[i]);
    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) scanf("%d", &in[i]);
    pre(n-1, 0, n-1, 0);
    auto it = level.begin();
    printf("%d", it->second);
    while(++it != level.end()) printf(" %d", it->second);
    return 0;
}

#include <cstdio>

#include <vector>

#include <map>

using namespace std;

vector<int> post, in;

map<int, int> level;

void pre(int root, int start, int end, int index) {

if(start > end) return ;

int i = start;

while(i < end && in[i] != post[root]) i++;

level[index] = post[root];

pre(root - 1 - end + i, start, i - 1, 2 * index + 1);

pre(root - 1, i + 1, end, 2 * index + 2);

}

int main() {

int n;

scanf("%d", &n);

post.resize(n);

in.resize(n);

for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) scanf("%d", &post[i]);

for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) scanf("%d", &in[i]);

pre(n-1, 0, n-1, 0);

auto it = level.begin();

printf("%d", it->second);

while(++it != level.end()) printf(" %d", it->second);

return 0;

}

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